Medical testing equipment is a product of multi-disciplinary and cross-industry, which requires extensive knowledge and technology. Due to the large number of mechanical devices, pneumatic devices, a large number of stepping motors and sensors, the circuit design and the choice of integrated circuits are becoming more and more complicated The design is getting more compact. In recent years, a large number of veneer circuit boards have appeared, which has brought more and more difficulties to the maintenance of inspection instruments. Due to the application of a large number of structures, maintenance personnel need to know more about relevant knowledge and need more relevant experience. Many hospital maintenance personnel are from medical equipment maintenance professional, mechanical and electronic aspects are roughly learned, the main direction is still the principle and application of medical equipment, often lacking practical experience. On the one hand, it also reflects that the level of business capabilities has a great relationship with practical experience. It is necessary to combine theory with practice in order to be a competent maintenance person. The following author introduces the maintenance ideas and skills of the inspection instrument. 1. Ideas and techniques for maintenance of mechanical structures In mechanical movements, gears and screws (racks), sawtooth belts and pulleys (triangle belts or other belts and pulleys are also used), slide bars and copper sleeves (polytetrafluoroethylene sleeves), these gears, screws, belts , Some of the pulley and the copper sleeve are lubricated with grease to ensure lubrication. Therefore, after a period of use, maintenance is required, that is, to remove the original grease and apply new grease, pay attention to a small amount of uniformity. The meshing between them is not good, or there is a collision sound. Generally, it can be reassembled. Adjusting the gap can temporarily solve it, but it can only be replaced if it is too worn. At the same time, it is necessary to find out what causes the obstruction and wear of the moving parts, and completely eliminate them. 2. Pneumatic device maintenance ideas and skills 2.1 Maintenance ideas and skills of peristaltic pump Peristaltic pumps are widely used in inspection equipment. Its simple structure (stepper motor + cam) is relatively reliable in operation. Generally, the rotating shaft on the cam is stuck. Such failures can be lubricated. The wear of the pump tube is also a lot. The replacement of the pump tube is very strict. The inner and outer diameters, materials and length requirements are very strict. If the length is too short, it is easy to cause insufficient pressure. If the material is not good, it is easy to cause the pump tube to stick. Well, it can't even be installed at all. When the two ends of the pump tube are blocked, the cam will be blocked and the motor movement will be blocked. 2.2 Maintenance ideas and skills of solenoid valves (or gas valves) The most widely used inspection instruments are solenoid valves (or gas valves). These valves have a variety of shapes, but the structure is similar, except for the clamping valve or the membrane valve. The tight valve is to clamp the pipeline to prevent it from unblocking, and the diaphragm valve is to switch the channel through the diaphragm. The structure of the valve is often composed of a coil (the air valve is composed of an air cavity), a spring (for self-reset), a valve core (soft iron or synthetic material, which is easy to add and demagnetize), and a valve body (switching channel) When disassembling, always pay attention to the slide of the screw and the spring. Be careful not to fly off. The blockage on the diaphragm is cleaned and the rust of the valve core is handled well. When installing, be sure to look at the direction and positioning components. The screws can only be tightened after the meshing is completed. Some solenoid valves are too complicated in design, and the direction and positioning are very vaguely designed. It is easy to cause tight crushing or leaking. Must pay attention to, do not let the liquid of the valve body flow to the valve core, otherwise it is the coil, which is easy to damage the coil. The process of disassembling these valves is becoming more and more complicated, often with many mechanical parts, so be careful. "If you are not afraid of disassembly, you will be afraid of forgetting." This sentence must be remembered. 2.3 Maintenance ideas and skills of waterway and gasway Water and gas channels are a major feature of inspection equipment, and it is also related to its testing principles and samples. Blood analysis must release drugs, and pressure generation and transmission are also required. The most prone problems of water and gas roads are summarized in the two words "blocking" and "leakage". Plugging is often encountered. Removal of clogging is done by different methods according to different instruments or degrees. Generally, slight clogging is mostly formed by fibers or proteins or incompletely dissolved cell debris, which can be solved by backflushing, high-pressure burning, and concentrated cleaning. After the stubborn plugging is removed, it is soaked in a small hole separately. The alkaline cleaning agent has a clear effect on cell debris and protein deposition and grease removal. The acidic has a strong elimination effect on the deposition of fibers, so it is necessary to According to not To deal with the same situation. Leakage is also the most common problem with inspection equipment. Loose joints in the pipeline, inadequate sealing of the sealing ring, and rupture of the cavity will cause inaccurate quantification, insufficient pressure, liquid leakage, severe corrosion of the circuit board or coil. Greater loss. The loose pipe interface is generally caused by aging, hardening and loss of elasticity. It can be cut off and reconnected. However, some key pipes should not be cut too short, otherwise it will affect the counting. The reagent pipe, especially the solution The pipeline of blood agent and waste liquid will become hard after a long time, and it needs to be replaced as a whole. Don't have a foot pain, a foot pain, a maintenance head must avoid frivolous and irritable. The sealing of pumps, valves, and pools is also very important, and it needs to be checked and handled frequently, otherwise, the trouble of insufficient pressure and inexplicable failures will cause you a headache. 3. Control circuit maintenance ideas and skills The circuit part is rarely a problem in the inspection instrument, but there are also minor problems. Circuit problem is actually the problem of mastering knowledge and application of multimeter. Power failures are the most common among circuit failures. It is very simple to judge whether the power supply is good or not. The direct output voltage is normal. It is worth noting that the no-load voltage will be higher than the load voltage, but it can never be lower than the load. Design voltage. In the past, the switching power supply could not be measured without being connected to the load. The current switching power supply is designed with a fake load, so it can be measured. It should also be noted that the virtual voltage is the normal no-load voltage, but the load is 0 or A lot of declines cause it to fail to work properly and make maintenance difficult. In fact, it is also a good solution. Find a resistive load with sufficient voltage resistance and connect it for testing, such as a light bulb. The large number of sensors is used to test the characteristics of instruments, sensors generally use photoelectric switches (photocouplers), pressure sensors and so on. Photoelectric coupling devices are mostly used for starting point control of moving parts, threshold switches, liquid flow monitoring, etc. The transmitting end is a photodiode, which can be judged by measuring the forward and reverse conduction of its resistance. Because its light emission wavelength is in the infrared region, visible light is invalid to it, and the receiving end cannot be measured without power. After the transmitter is energized, the blocking window is used to measure whether the receiver is turned on or off to determine its quality. The inspection of the photocoupler should pay special attention to dust, which can also cause malfunctions when blocking the light-emitting area. These photocouplers are used as liquid sensors (waste liquid, mixed liquid transfer, reagent sensing or quantitative parts) followed by an amplification and matching circuit, which usually needs to be adjusted for sensitivity. Generally, adjustments are made with and without liquid. The liquid should be below 1V, no liquid should be adjusted according to the manufacturer's requirements, generally above 3V and below 4.5V. Some liquid sensors are actually two sections of metal tubes connected to the same section of the pipeline at a certain distance. The principle of reagent conduction is used for on-off measurement. The general failure of such sensors is poor contact, which can be cleaned with alcohol fine sand. The pressure sensor is an electrical signal generated by the pressure-sensitive diaphragm to the pressure change, and then sends its signal to the CPU through the subsequent amplification and matching circuit, and the CPU determines whether it is necessary to stop or start the pressure generating device. The pressure problem is often very complicated, so that the maintenance personnel have no way to determine whether it is a pipeline problem, a sensor problem, a matching circuit problem, or a pressure generating device problem (pump or compressor). Therefore, good techniques and methods can speed up the judgment Speed ​​reduces the intensity of repeated operations. The general method is to unplug the sensor tube, connect the syringe, and perform the push-pull action according to the role played by the sensor (both the sensor can detect positive and negative pressure, and only need to correct the matching circuit). The pressure generated by the push and pull of the syringe is often greater than the pressure generated by the pressure generating device. Therefore, the sensor will quickly send out the pressure signal and get feedback-stop or start the pressure generating device. If this action is correct, it means that the sensor and the matching There is no problem with the control circuit. Check the pipeline for leaks or problems with the pressure generating device. Otherwise, you must first check the pressure sensor itself and the matching control circuit. Many instruments can reinstall and update the operating system and operating procedures, so it is a wise choice to properly protect the installation disk and back up the hard disk data. The backup of the hard disk is generally faster and faster with the ghost. It is very important to develop good habits. Repairing this equipment and backing up some data will be priceless when it is used. Compressed backup of online computer programs is also very important. There is no better way to detect integrated circuits, diodes, and transistors. Search the datasheet online to view the related pin definitions and functions and their logical relationships. You can test and judge their quality and find out alternatives Device model. In short, the maintenance of medical inspection equipment should be thorough, ask for more advice, learn more, so as to be a qualified maintenance personnel.
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In the mechanical structure, the motor is the power source. In the past, straight (AC) flow motors were mostly used. As the cost of stepper motors is reduced, they are currently widely used. Sometimes for the convenience of design, procurement and technology, they are often combined in one instrument. Many of the motors in are designed as one model, but only in terms of voltage and current control and movement steps. The stepping motor is rarely damaged, and due to assembly reasons, the motor itself is basically not repairable, you can not buy the original factory can query the model and replace other models, it is cheap and simple, the plug sequence when connecting Get it right.