In the rectifier circuit; the use of diodes in series can increase the back pressure withstand value (usually the sum of the back pressure of all diodes, but it is best to use diodes of the same specification).
TVS transient suppressor diodes work in the same way as regulator diodes, but there are structural differences.The biggest difference is that the PN junction area composed of the general regulator diode is very small, it can withstand the reverse current is small.
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According to research by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), LED lighting is expected to save $1.8 trillion in electricity costs over the next decade, and to reduce the burning of 1 billion barrels of crude oil in thermal power plants. Eliminate 10 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
LED solid-state lighting, which is designed to replace existing incandescent and fluorescent, has always been seen as a new generation of lighting technology that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly and less polluting. Jong KyuKim, a professor at SmartLighting Engineering Resource Center at RPI, said that as long as LEDs can replace 80% of traditional bulbs in the next decade, the huge energy savings can be achieved.
Kim also pointed out that LED lighting can not only replace traditional light bulbs, but also can control its spectrum, spatial emission spectrum, polarization and temporal modulation of light.
RPI's Smart Lighting Engineering Resource Center recently received a $185 million sponsorship from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop innovative optics in five years with Boston University and the University of New Mexico (University of New Mexico) Materials, new component technologies, and new applications for smart lighting.
Kim pointed out that LED is the traditional lighting technology, just like the transistor is in the vacuum tube. At first, the transistor is just a substitute for the vacuum tube, but it has derived the integrated circuit (IC) revolution; the LED is the same. In the beginning, it was only a substitute for traditional light bulbs. In the future, it will be possible to derive integrated lighting systems with different functions, just like the impact of transistors on IC technology.
If it only replaces the traditional light bulb, the LED's power saving performance is 20 times that of the incandescent bulb and 5 times that of the fluorescent lamp. At present, the research conducted by the RPI is the application field of the LED development and update, including three main directions: First, research on the control of LED spectroscopy for medical applications; the second is to study and control its temporary modulation to achieve wireless optical networks; the third is to control LED light polarization to enhance display technology.
In the spectral control section, RPI says that it can develop lighting that can change the light color during the day, positively affect the mood of the worker, or treat some medical problems caused by poor ambient light. As for the LED modulation technology, it may take some time to see it. This technology allows the lighting device to do the same at the same time. The wireless network access point directly connects the data streams from different devices, unlike the current RF wireless technology. It also requires all devices to share the same frequency band.
Controlling the polarization of the LED light allows the LCD display to eliminate the need for filters and greatly increases the brightness of the display while conserving power consumption. Other smart lighting applications developed by RPI include rapid bio-cell identification, interactive pathways, accelerated plant growth, and projects that reduce the risk of a particular cancer. 
In the voltage stabilization circuit; the series connection of the diode is equal to the sum of the voltage stabilization value of the diode. The use of diodes in parallel is theoretically the sum of rated currents, but considering that it is impossible to be absolutely symmetrical, they can only be used below 80% of the total.