[Home Theater Network] There are too many sayings about audio wire, and many even have metaphysical colors. Does the thickness and length of the wire have any effect on home theater audio? How much improvement? The following small series will share with you: I. Overview In the audio equipment, the interconnection of the wires, the impact on the sound quality of the entire sound system, has been debated for a long time in the audio industry, but no results. The main reason is that the sound effect is very subjective, so it is difficult to have an objective conclusion. But everyone has a consensus that the wire will have a decisive influence on the sound effect. When you invest a large sum of money in a fever speaker cable, the ultimate goal is to make the music signal unchanged during transmission, that is, zero distortion; but in actual use, there are resistors, capacitors, and inductors inside. Etc., it will affect the passing music signal, making the signal under-damped in the transmission, missing music information and detail blur. Well-designed wires deliver the clearest and lossless music signals with balanced and easy-to-control features. Any speaker cable can be equivalent to a distributed system of resistors, capacitors and inductors due to memory capacitance and inductance. The speaker cable has its special frequency characteristics, which means that different frequency signals will have different time extensions, which will result in different transmission rates and different impedances, which is the main cause of signal distortion. Second, the relationship between equipment and wire is complementary The basic task of the wire in the sound system is to connect different related equipment and finally make the speaker sound. High-grade wire, can maintain low self-distortion, and has the ability to resist external interference. However, since the wire does not have the function of active amplification or correction, it is not possible to turn the essence of the equipment better. Many times we have noticed that after using a certain line in the system, the effect is leaps and bounds. This is because the wire twists the music signal to a lesser extent, or the energy sense is just the opposite of the system performance. For example, a thin bass with a thick bass wire creates a complementary effect; however, if the system itself does not have a good low frequency response, no matter how good the wire is, it won't help. The speaker cable is used in the audio equipment to expand the connection between the machine and the speaker. Since the speaker cable transmits the power signal, there is not much signal loss. The high quality speaker cable has good conductivity and good performance. Conductivity makes the wire have excellent transfer capacity. The DC resistance inside the professional speaker cable is not much different from the general conductor, but there will be some differences in AC impedance, distributed capacitance and anti-interference. Third, the length of the speaker cable will affect the overall sound of the sound system The speaker cable should be preferred with strong control and clear sound. In theory, the wire should be short to get better results. Some people say that the speaker cable performs particularly well in a specified length, and points out that this is related to the length of the sound wave, but those who oppose this argument point out that different frequencies have different wavelengths and are far apart from each other. Then a fixed-length speaker cable, how to cater to different wavelengths to determine its proper length? In addition, the wavelength and the transmission quality of the speaker cable have nothing to do with. In fact, the piston movement of the horn is obviously limited by the damping coefficient of the amplifier. If the speaker wire is too long, resulting in a large resistance, it will greatly reduce the damping coefficient of the amplifier, making the sound fat swelling difficult to control. So the shorter the signal line and the speaker line, the better, because its own distortion will be reduced. In short, the medium-quality high-quality speaker cable can bring the distance between the amplifier and the speaker closer, the low-frequency compact is controlled, and the music melody is clear. While some long speaker cables do not have much impact on the system, they do not control the linear piston action of the speaker horn. As for the length of the system, the length of the speaker cable is 1.5M ~ 2.0M, which is close to the practical length, such as more than 4M. By narrowing the range, the rhythm and intensity of the music have decreased. However, the speaker cable should not be too short. The speaker cable is too short, which will cause the two speakers to be too close together, which may cause problems such as the sound field and the turbidity of the left and right channels. Therefore, the recommended length is not shorter than 1.0M. Fourth, the thickness of the speaker cable The excessively large speaker cable has a large resistance due to its large resistance, which causes the amplifier to output more power, which is depleted in the resistance of the wire, and the loss of the bass is particularly serious. Although the wire is too thick, although the resistance is small, the relative cost is also high. Of course, this cost may be worth investing. In terms of resistance, the wire converts current into heat, and the amount of internal conductor determines its resistance. Generally, the larger the square of the conductor [cross-sectional area], the smaller the unit resistance value, but it is often misleading only from the appearance size, because some wires make the coating layer extremely thick, but the conductor is not proportional, so it should be Cut the section to confirm. What kind of specifications is suitable? For the system of "VT-3S + BS-5.1W", 4N oxygen-free electrolytic copper (OFC) can be 200 ~ 300 cores, or the cross-sectional area is 2.5 ~ 4 mm 2 The multi-strand oxygen-free copper fever line on the left and right is also available. Fifth, the electrical specifications of the speaker cable For the most commonly used copper wire, the following are included: (1) The material includes the cheap electrolytic copper TPC (Tough Pitch Copper). (2) A high-purity oxygen-free copper OFC that further removes impurities such as oxidized impurities contained in the TPC. (3) LCOFC (linear crystal oxygen-free copper) formed by forming large crystals of copper and reducing interfacial voids of crystal particles. (4) OCC (single crystal high purity oxygen-free copper) in which the crystal particle interface in the signal transmission direction is theoretically zero. There are too many wires on the market called 6N or even 8N, and the most outrageous is the so-called 9N silver wire. N is a representation of the purity of a metal material, regardless of the type of material. For example, 99.99% means that there are four 9, called 4N material. High-purity oxygen-free copper OFC is mostly 4N copper, which is the most common material used for acoustic wires. A small-scale copper smelter can produce 4N copper; further chemically removes oxygen and other trace metals. It is possible to increase the purity, but the instrument is not necessarily measured. The chairman of Bandung Gao said that they cooperated with the Industrial Technology Research Institute to conduct measurement, but the national-level industrial research institute can only measure 5N, and the error is too big. How did the 6N or 8N come from? Chairman Gao said implicitly that he personally has reservations about these data. Generally, in the scientific measurement, there are so-called addition and subtraction, assuming that the same material is measured by addition, and the trace elements such as hydrogen molecules are calculated in proportion to obtain a purity of 5N. According to the subtraction measurement, the content of these trace elements is extremely low, and it is almost impossible to calculate, and it becomes zero, and finally its purity becomes 8N. A 5N, an 8N, but they are actually the same thing! Sixth, the myth of the fever line Some enthusiasts regard the wire as the sound of the panacea, and think that any problem can be solved by replacing the wire. In fact, this view is very wrong. Different wires have different effects. This effect is difficult to describe in words. It must be auditioned and compared before a correct understanding can be established. The role and effect of wire can not be measured by price. Simply put: the more expensive it is, the better. The most important key is to apply. As far as the fever line is concerned, the price is as high as several hundred thousand pairs, and the price is low, and there are more than ten yuan. It is not necessarily a high-priced wire that will work well. In a set of audio equipment, the proportion of the wire is not an exact number, and it needs to be determined according to different combinations. Seven, ç…² line Everyone often hears the opportunity, such as: "VT-3S + BS-5.1W" This group of value-for-money audio system, after half an hour of downtime, the tube flavor will come out. For the fever line, we also need the "twist line". It is difficult to get a good sound without the line that has been crossed. The wire is generally different depending on the material, and the length of time required for the wire is also different. Generally, after 5 to 6 hours, there are obvious changes, and some wires have to be used for 400 to 500 hours in order to get a better sound. Not only is the new line to be embarrassed, but if the audio equipment is left unused for a long time, it will take a period of time before the next use, so that your wire can exert its power. Eight, the key to playing the line In order to play the wire well, we must have a certain understanding of the wire. First of all, we must be sure that the different grades of wire have different effects. And what we have to do is to bring out the maximum potential of the wire that we currently have in our hands. In order to maximize the potential of the wire, the wire should be straight and straight. Do not let the sound wire bend (or roll into a circle) to reduce the stress. If the length of the wire is too long, it should be It is suspended; there should be no vibrating objects on the side of the wire to minimize the possibility of vibration of the wire. Nine, summary We all know that the material, purity and weaving of the wire have a great influence on the sound quality. The higher the audio equipment, the higher the requirements for the wire. And we must have a mentality, that is, in the high-end audio equipment, changing the wire is equal to changing the equipment, the impact is indeed very large. In addition, the high-grade wire material will not help the ordinary audio equipment. Therefore, do not blindly upgrade your wire; and the overall matching of wire and audio equipment has a great relationship. If it is not properly matched, the power of the wire should not be fully utilized. If you are not a fever, or your overall sound system is not too high-end, don't spend money to buy some high-priced fever lines, because these fever lines will be so expensive, many are artificially made, even if it With ultra-standard electrical characteristics, it is also a physical property, generally human ears are not easy to distinguish, the "VT-3S + BS-5.1W" sound system, users only need to spend an extra 200 yuan We will provide a set of 1.5M / 4N oxygen-free electrolytic copper (OFC) 300-core speaker cable, as long as the other peripherals of the system are properly matched, this set of speaker cables is enough to make it sound beautiful. If your home theater amplifier, the performance of the music itself is inherently insufficient, the use of the general wire and the high-priced wire effect is the same; that is to say, the sound quality of your sound system itself is not good, even if the price of the wire is used, Can't improve the overall sound quality. 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A bipolar Stepper motor has easy wiring arrangement but its operation is little complex. In order to drive a bipolar stepper, we need a driver IC with an internal H bridge circuit. This is because, in order to reverse the polarity of stator poles, the current needs to be reversed. This can only be done through a H bridge.